William Wade Dudley wrote a letter in October 1888. He was treasurer of the Republican National Committee, and he spent that autumn worried about Indiana, where the presidential race would turn on voters of no settled loyalty, men the campaigns called floaters. Floaters drifted to whichever side paid. His instructions to an Indiana county chairman were precise. “Divide the floaters into blocks of five, and put a trusted man, with necessary funds, in charge of these five, and make him responsible that none get away and that all vote our ticket.” A Democratic mail clerk on the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad had noticed the heavy mail flowing from Republican headquarters to Indiana Republicans. He opened one letter and passed it to his party. The Indianapolis Sentinel printed the letter on October 31, 1888, under a banner headline.

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